19th century in the United States. We construct new measures of fertility changes and measures of railroad access at the … county level from 1850 – 1890. We are able to document market-access-induced changes in fertility due to both extensive … margins (shifts in occupations with different average fertility rates) and intensive margins (changes in fertility within each …

in the 1980s to empirically examine the causal impact of women's education on fertility in rural China by difference …

fertility, both desired and realized, as a central pathway through which the relationship has been historically theorized and … independently from fertility decline. Finally, we assess the state and quality of evidence of these relationships and propose …

Despite the recent economic growth in many countries on the African continent, the region has seen a slow fertility … transition. In this study, we explore whether the lack of structural economic change can explain this slow fertility transition … to analyze the driving forces of fertility transitions across low- and middle-income countries. Our results confirm that …

identify the effect of temperature on fertility. We demonstrate that warm (25-30°C) and hot days (>30°C) decrease total … fertility rate (TFR) in Spain, and that the estimated decrease is higher than the effects estimated in previous literature for … fertility such as population ageing. …

is still largely unclear what caused them. This paper presents a new unified explanation of the fertility Boom-Bust that … the entry of the D-cohort is associated with increased births in the 1950s, while its retirement turned the fertility Boom … completed fertility of all cohorts involved. …

Scholars have been examining the relationship between fertility and unemployment for more than a century. Most studies … find that fertility falls with unemployment in the short run, but it is not known whether these negative effects persist … period 1975 to 2010, we analyze both the short and long-run effects of unemployment on fertility. We follow fixed cohorts of …

This paper studies the effect of the 1918–19 influenza pandemic on fertility using a historical dataset from Sweden …. Our results suggest an immediate reduction in fertility driven by morbidity, and additional behavioral effects driven by … mortality. We find some evidence of community rebuilding and replacement fertility, but the net long-term effect is fertility …

headship and raised fertility. In light of the substantial increase in immigration, we examine this question separately for … lower fertility. Thus, by the 2008-2013 period, any apparent son preference among natives in their fertility decisions …, we do find a positive fertility effect, suggesting son preference in fertility among this group. This interpretation is …