By the time Congress passed the 1964 Civil Rights Act, 98% of non-southern blacks (40% of all blacks) already resided in states with "fair employment" laws prohibiting labor market discrimination. Using census data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, the author assesses the impact...

The authors empirically evaluate how the provision of an arbitration statute affects police officers' wages by comparing wage levels across political jurisdictions and over time using a sample of states. Two complementary data sources are used: panel data for the years 1961-92 on state-level...

Examination of the effects of public-sector union, the International Association of Fire Fighters, on the wages of the association's constituent membership. Reasons for expecting demand inelasticity in the case of firemen; Conceptual framework used in the study; Effect of unionism; Significance...