Developing countries have traditionally been regarded as users of technology developed abroad. During the 1980s and 1990s this approach to meeting domestic healthcare needs faced new barriers to consumption and use that resulted from the high cost of drugs and the emergence of new international...

National systems of innovation (NSIs) make many assumptions concerning the nature of the actors, their competence, habits and practices with regard to the linkages that lead to learning and innovation, all of which are common in advanced countries. In developing countries many of these...