This paper investigates commonalities and differences in firm-level determinants of internationalization of production (production-related investments or PFDI) and innovation (technology-driven investments or TFDI) by multinational enterprises. Our database is based on a cross-country survey...

Several studies have explored the determinants of firms' innovative efforts, but a consensus on the conceptual underpinnings and empirical manifestations of these determinants is yet to emerge. This paper attempts to understand the role of several factors in determining inter-industry variations...