There are two important sources of uncertainty: randomness and fuzziness. Randomness models the stochastic variability of all possible outcomes of a situation, and fuzziness relates to the unsharp boundaries of the parameters of the model. In this sense, randomness is largely an instrument of a...

A recent article by de Andrés-Sánchez and Puchades (2012) modeled life annuities as fuzzy random variables (FRVs). Their article was informative. However, it had the limitation that the FRV used to model the life annuity was not a granulated FRV. This followed because the authors assumed that...

This paper investigates optimal asset management strategies for property and casualty insurance companies in illiquid markets. Using a cash-flow based liquidation model of an insurance company, we consider the effects of permanent and temporary price impact as well as commonality in price...