Closing the prosperity gap between regions has always been a key political aspiration of the European Union - and cohesion policy is the primary means to achieve that goal. Europe is currently undergoing a digital and green transition that is drastically changing the way its economy works. How...

Productivity-enhancing structural reforms are crucial to the economic prospects of the EU. Indeed, such reforms are even more urgent in the current environment in which many economies are reaching the limits of the policy support they can provide to shore up demand. Moreover, even as some of the...

The European Structural and Investment Funds make up more than 40% of the EU budget and are thereby the EU’s most important financial support to growth, employment, investment and structural change. The funds are programmed for (overlapping) seven-year periods, and all programmes for the new...

This paper examines the effect of the anti-ESG regulations approved in 18 states from 2021 to 2023. Focusing on the fuel energy sector, we find that the regulatory intervention leads to 0.8 % to 3.5 % cumulative abnormal stock returns (CARs) around the regulation approval dates. The market...

This paper analyses the housing markets of OECD countries using a scoring model. This model is based on a European Systematic Risk Board approach to risk assessment of housing markets but extends this approach in two important ways. First, this paper distinguishes between cyclical and structural...