In September 1973, the President of the World Bank, Robert S. McNamara, made a challenging address to the Governors of the Central Banks of the member states of the international Monetary Fund. The main subject in his speech was the problem of poverty particularly in rural areas of developing...

The emphasis of development policies has for many years been placed on primarily growth-oriented development strategies. Although the latter have indeed induced an astounding increase in real GNP levels in Third World countries, they have not been able to decisively reduce existing social...

Government intervention in developing countries has often been biased towards the support of urban industries and the urban population. The resulting distortions in exchange rates and in the prices of the factors of production have had serious detrimental effects on rural areas. A gradual...

The main objectors to a link being established between special drawing rights (SDRs) and the financing of development have in the past been the industrial countries. They have been pointing out that SDRs were created for other purposes - more effective control over international liquidity - and...

The unsolved internal problems of Germany’s development aid require an early reexamination of the objectives and the concept of development aid against the quickly shifting world-economic background. Numerous hitherto unsettled questions concerning technical aid and its implementation have to...

Much concern has been expressed in recent years over the mounting debt burden of developing countries. The increasing amounts of loans and their hardening terms have in many cases led to external debt servicing problems of alarming magnitudes. The following contribution addresses itself to...

Collective Self-Reliance is the descriptive term for a development strategy which has lately often been suggested as a means of overcoming underdevelopment. The question for us is whether it is to be treated as more than a slogan, which it is still today, and whether it really offers a possible...