In this paper, we develop a model of four modes of knowledge flow, two involving knowledge acquisition and sharing, and two involving the localizing, embedding and investment of knowing in practice. We illustrate the model with data from an embedded case study involving a focal China-based...

The time and attention that managers in firms are spending on joint ventures and the decisions to formulate joint ventures in increasing as the numbers of joint ventures increase. This article develops insights into the impact of past organizational learning on the decision to form new joint...