The increasing frequency and complexity of transnational business relationships has been commensurate with an increase in contractual disputes. In such situations, home country cultural norms will often influence how MNEs resolve contractual disputes in foreign markets. This begs the question:...

Several international business scholars have elaborated upon Hymer's [Hymer, S. H. (1960). The international operations of national firms: A study of direct investment. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA] costs of doing business abroad through the liability of foreignness notion....

Too little is known about middle manager involvement in the implementation of strategic change. Even less is known about how that may occur in a multinational context. One of the few systematic studies of middle manager implementation effort was done by Guth and MacMillan (1986). Our study...