We conceptualize the transfer of organizational practices from headquarters to subsidiaries of multinational corporations as encompassing three dimensions: implementation, integration and internalization. To shed light on the distinct natures of the different dimensions of transfer we examine...

This study investigated the changes taking place in HRM practices found in European-owned units in China between 1996 and 2006 in conjunction with the transformation of the context in which they are operating. Our study presents clear evidence for the convergence of HRM found in local Chinese...

The present paper reports the results of a survey of the use of the subsidiary board of directors (SBs) in French and Norwegian manufacturing units owned by Swedish and Finnish MNCs. In addition to presenting data on the composition of the SBs, and the importance of different roles that SBs may...

This article discusses the role played by social relationships when penetrating a foreign business network. In the business network literature social bonds have been identified as a dimension of buyer-seller relationships, but few studies have actually focused on this issue. The present study...

Given the importance of local (external) network embeddedness for an MNC subsidiary's ability to create new knowledge, a crucial question is what factors affect this local embeddedness. Despite its obvious relevance, few efforts have been made in the MNC literature to deal with this issue. In...

A large number of studies has examined the pattern of firms' internationalization in terms of the sequence by which a firm introduces various operation methods to a foreign market. With few exceptions, the studies seek to establish whether or not the observed patterns of internationalization are...

Subsidiaries have access to different types of resources and therefore perform differently in their market-place and within a multinational corporation (MNC). Yet, even though subsidiaries are the object of intense interest, remarkably little has been written about the assessment of subsidiary...

This paper links up with recent work on the role of subsidiaries in multinational corporations as well as with recent work in the strategy and business network literature. We discuss the sources of organizational strengths of subsidiaries in the larger multinational corporation, and argue that...