By analyzing fictitious options - a unique approach - significant mispricing due to the formula of Black and Scholes can be shown systematically and independent from market distortion. Even options based on fictitious, lognormally distributed courses are not valued properly. According to the Law...

The complex blue prints of ODE and PDE based capital market models remain closed to systematic review. Particularly, when some authors of mathematical models can not or may not offer explicit solutions. Artificially generated 'cloned' courses can demonstrate the impact of various types of...

Critics regarding the Black and Scholes model aren't new. The model was about of being labelled 'historic'. It is new now that the model has become an auto-nomous, unreflected item in international accounting standards and law allowing "creative" accounting. There is no economial relation...