The paper studies valuation ratios of food companies that were part of mergers & acquisitions (M&A) involving at least one French company during the 1996-2001 period. Results converge to value the food company 1.1 to 1.4 times its turnover. There is no significant difference of "valuation to...

The economic integration of Central European countries to the EU started in the beginning of the 1990's. ESSEC Business School, in partnership with Warsaw Agricultural University SGGW, and food companies have heavily invested in Central Europe, particularly Poland, before May 1, 2004 the...

A typology of strategies related to the distribution channels used by Champagne makers is established. Champagne makers' operating profit depends on their distribution network, which affects selling prices. Based on a sample of 20 Champagne makers ("Maisons de Champagne"), economic and financial...