In Bioinformatics, sequence analysis is the basic important concept that provides information for structural and functional analysis. Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) is a keystone problem in the sequence analysis that is used for constructing phylogenetic tree, finding motif, gene expression,...

Social science research is concerned with the study of processes and phenomena in human societies, institutions and organizations. Social phenomena are complex due to many non-linear interactions between their elements. Social simulation represents a new paradigm for understanding social...