Energy has a strategic role in social and economic development of the countries. Due to the high dependency of energy supply on fossil fuels, fluctuations in prices and supply have macro/micro-economics effects for both energy exporters and importers. Therefore, understanding economic stability...

Micro-grids are the key technologies known to solve challenges such as increased electric demand, fatigue electric installations, electrical leakage and pressures and opposition from environmental advocacy groups. The current article is presenting an improved optimization algorithm based on a...

This article describes the limitations and the environmental effects of fossil fuels have provided the drive to create replacement strategies, such as the utilization of renewable energy resources. Solar energy and related technologies are also among fast-growing renewable resources and...