We propose independence and conditional coverage tests which are aimed at evaluating the accuracy of Value-at-Risk (VaR) forecasts from the same model at different confidence levels. The proposed procedures are multilevel tests, i.e., joint tests of several quantiles corresponding to different...

We contrast the forecasting performance of alternative panel estimators, divided into three main groups: homogeneous, heterogeneous and shrinkage/Bayesian. Via a series of Monte Carlo simulations, the comparison is performed using different levels of heterogeneity and cross sectional dependence,...

This paper investigates the role of cross-sectional dependence among private forecasters, assessing its impact on the measurement and use of the forecasting uncertainty. We determine the circumstances under which cross-sectional measures of uncertainty (such as the disagreement across...