calculated. Therefore, in this paper, we review the literature on global risk, uncertainty, and volatility measures drawing on …

. Such structural change restrained "openness"—the ratio of world trade to world GDP—over this period. We quantify this … with a general equilibrium trade model featuring non-homothetic preferences and input-output linkages. Openness would have …. Structural change is critical for estimating the dynamics of trade barriers and welfare gains from trade. Ongoing structural …

What is the relationship between international trade and business cycle synchronization? Using data from 40 countries …, we find that GDP comovement is significantly associated with trade in intermediate inputs but not with trade in final … goods. Motivated by this new fact, we build a model of international trade that is able to replicate the empirical trade …

of the nominal trade weighted dollar. In fact, the correlation between the dollar and the 12 quarter lag of the HLW …

. Moreover, the central role of the U.S. dollar in global trade invoicing and financing - the dominant currency paradigm - and … the increased integration of EMEs into international supply chains weaken the traditional trade channel. Finally, as …