We explore whether there is a gender wage gap in one of the largest EU online labor markets. We provide empirical evidence for a statistically significant 4% gender wage gap among workers. We also find that female workers propose lower wage bills and are more likely to win the competition for...

We investigate three alternative but complementary indicators of market power on one of the largest online labour markets (OLMs) in Europe: (1) the elasticity of labour demand, (2) the elasticity of labour supply, and (3) the concentration of market shares. We explore how these indicators relate...

Recent literature has shown that the existence of supply and demand-side non-generic complementarities ("demand-side linkages") within ecosystems raises questions about the pertinence of defining a single relevant market comprising substitute products ("substitutability approach"). However,...

Economies of scale in data aggregation is a widely accepted concept. It refers to improved prediction accuracy when the number of observations on variables in a dataset increases. By contrast, economies of scope in data is more ambiguous. The classic economic interpretation refers to cost...

This paper starts with some basic economic characteristics of data that distinguish them from ordinary goods and services, including non-excludability and non-rivalry, economies of scope in data re-use and aggregation, the social value of data and their role in generating network effects. It...

The arrival of digital data in agriculture opens the possibility to realise productivity gains through precision farming. It also raises questions about the distribution of these gains between farmers and agricultural service providers. Farmers' control of the data is often perceived as a means...

In February 2018 the EU adopted the Geo-Blocking Regulation that prohibits any attempts to restrict consumer access to e-commerce websites on the basis of their nationality or country of residence. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of that policy on crossborder e-commerce. We use page view...

This paper is composed of two different parts. In the first part we provide a review of the existing literature dealing with geo-blocking in copyright-protected content. The material is divided between studies that focus on non-audio-visual content and those dealing wit h audiovisual content. In...

Data and information are fundamental pieces for effective evidence-based policy making and provision of public services. In recent years, some private firms have been collecting large amounts of data, which, were they available to governments, could greatly improve their capacity to take better...

We study the case of a Chinese industrial policy, implemented in Shanghai, that makes it mandatory for car manufacturers to share electro-mechanical performance and real time navigation data from their entire fleet of electric and hybrid vehicles with local and central government authorities....