Abstract An important problem in many domains is to predict how a system will respond to interventions. This task is inherently linked to estimating the system’s underlying causal structure. To this end, Invariant Causal Prediction (ICP) [ 1 ] has been proposed which learns a causal model...

Abstract This work investigates the intersection property of conditional independence. It states that for random variables $$A,B,C$$ and X we have that $$X \bot \bot A{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} |{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} B,C$$ and $$X\, \bot \bot\, B{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} |{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt}...