The impact of microcredit on women's empowerment remains controversial, as documented in the microfinance literature. While some studies claim that microcredit helps women increase their income earning abilities, leading to greater power to overcome cultural asymmetries, others contend that...

Contractual Joint Ventures (CJVs) in China have been under-studied despite their importance as one of the three major forms of foreign direct investment (FDI) prescribed by the Chinese government. Based on first-hand survey data and within a transaction cost-comparative institution framework,...