Using data from Kenya this paper estimates the rural to urban earnings gap separately for male and female migrants and then explores the influence of the gaps on the migration decision of each gender from rural to urban areas. A non-trivial finding suggests that despite relatively higher...

Apartheid in South Africa ensured whites received more and better-quality schooling relative to Africans, coloreds, and Asians. It is hence conceivable, consistent with human-capital theory whites would receive relatively higher prices to their measured human-capital skills and would have higher...