We examine the evidence on excess stock return predictability in a Bayesian setting in which the investor faces uncertainty about both the existence and strength of predictability. When we apply our methods to the dividend-price ratio, we find that even investors who are quite skeptical about...

We investigate optimal portfolio choice for an investor who is skeptical about the degree to which excess returns are predictable. Skepticism is modeled as an informative prior over the R2 of the predictive regression. We find that the evidence is sufficient to convince even an investor with a...