This paper analyzes the distributional effects of international outsourcing in a two sector Heckscher-Ohlin type model if both sectors get economical access to cost-saving international outsourcing. Thereby, it is shown that if both sectors are engaged in international outsourcing in...

The economic implications and the income distribution effects of the customs union (CU) between Turkey and the European Union (EU) have been studied by applying a general equilibrium model to the Turkish economy under alter - native hypotheses for the labour market. The numerical results show...

This study re-assesses regional integration by taking new measures for the degree of openness into account. The value-added based economic integration (VEI) model which improves on traditional economic integration models forms the core of these openness indicators. We show that a shift from the...

Since the Chinese government launched the economic reform and “open door” policies in late 1978, investment between Hong Kong and Mainland China has increased remarkably. In fact, Hong Kong has been the Mainland’s dominant supplier of FDI. Income distribution in Hong Kong was affected when...

This study is motivated by frequent calls to harmonize labor standards across countries, which result from the fear that economic integration (and the accompanying liberalization of trade flows) will lead to an erosion of working conditions, as countries deliberately try to reduce labor...

Regional integration initiatives have surged in Latin America while many countries have undertaken unilateral trade liberalization and external market access prospects have improved with the successful conclusion of the Uruguay Round. This paper examines and ranks the integration choices faced...

East Asia has rapidly become the third centre of gravity for global economic activity. North America is relatively well integrated with East Asia, but Europe is not. This paper explores the extent to which economic growth and trade poli - cy developments over the next decade will strengthen...

Estimates of the gravity equation explaining trade flows between Australia and other member countries of IOR-ARC indicate that the signal of market-driven economic cooperation within IOR-ARC is strong due to the presence of APEC members. The intra-industry trade analysis between Australia and...

This paper aims at analyzing how export performance of developing countries differs across destinations. With application to Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, we first employ a gravity equation to break down each region’s export performance, separating the contribution of foreign market access from...

A modified gravity model of international trade is used to evaluate determi - nants of flows of commodities most often traded in the Pacific Rim. It is shown that the gravity model can be reparameterized effectively by using time series and cross section data rather than using cross section data...