I. Routines and Experiments Though at least as old as The Wealth of Nations , the concept of the market as an experimental mechanism finds no place in standard modern theory; it is nevertheless implicit in the “appreciative theory” by which the relative merits of markets and central planning...

Professor Shackle is the most courteous, the most erudite, and the most radical critic of orthodox economics. The concept of profit, which apparently serves as such a convenient instrument of equilibrium, on closer enquiry is revealed to be necessarily subversive of such schemes of order; for...

Style and Purpose “It's all in Marshall”. There is more truth in that once‐familiar claim than there would be in a similar claim about any other economist; yet as Samuelson (1967, p. 25) rightly observed, what is in Marshall cannot be revealed by the reading of Marshall alone. What one...