Purpose – Tests for the existence of a long-run relationship between real wages and employment, utilising annual data from 1961-1996 for a panel of 12 European Union countries. Design/methodology/approach – Applies modern time series techniques organised around panel unit root and panel...

Purpose – The paper aims to re-examine the stationarity properties of unemployment rates in 12 European Union (EU) countries over the period 1988: I-1999: IV. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies a battery of second-generation panel unit root tests that allow for cross-sectional...

Purpose – Tests for the existence of a long‐run relationship between real wages and employment, utilising annual data from 1961‐1996 for a panel of 12 European Union countries. Design/methodology/approach – Applies modern time series techniques organised around panel unit root and panel...

Purpose – The paper aims to re‐examine the stationarity properties of unemployment rates in 12 European Union (EU) countries over the period 1988: I‐1999: IV. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies a battery of second‐generation panel unit root tests that allow for...