<Para ID="Par1">The article presents an overview of the evolutionary approach to eco-innovations with particular emphasis on the role of lock-in and path dependence. In doing so, it focuses on the processes of radical change and the transition of technological systems that require the co-evolution of...</para>

We define international technological specialisation (ITS) as the technological performance of a country in a specific technology relative to its overall international technological performance. This paper uses patent applications and patent citations at the European Patent Office for five...

This paper examines how the nature of the technological regime governing innovative activities and the structure of demand interact in determining market structure, with specific reference to the pharmaceutical industry. The key question concerns the observation that—despite high degrees of...