This article provides an analytical solution to the problem of an institution optimally managing the market risk of a given exposure by minimizing its Value-at-Risk using options. The optimal hedge consists of a position in a single option whose strike price is independent of the level of...

This paper investigates nonlinear pricing kernels in which the risk factor is endogenously determined and preferences restrict the definition of the pricing kernel. These kernels potentially generate the empirical performance of nonlinear and multifactor models, while maintaining empirical power...

We show that aggregate consumption risks embodied in cash flows can account for the puzzling differences in risk premia across book-to-market, momentum, and size-sorted portfolios. The dynamics of aggregate consumption and cash flow growth rates, modeled as a vector autoregression, are used to...