We review the literature on resolving bank and corporate sector crises to identify government policies that affect the depth of a crisis and the ease and sustainability of recovery, and to analyze their fiscal cost. A consistent framework - including sufficient resources for loss-absorption and...

Using accounting data for 7722 non-financial firms in 42 countries, we examine how the 2007-2009 crisis affected firm performance and how various linkages propagated shocks across borders. We isolate and compare effects from changes in external financing conditions, domestic demand, and...

This study quantifies the importance of a Global Financial Cycle (GFCy) for capital flows. We use capital flow data dis-aggregated by direction and type between 1990Q1 and 2015Q5 for 85 countries, and conventional techniques, models and metrics. Since the GFCy is an unobservable concept, we use...

This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in electronic commerce and assesses how they impact the traditional financial services businesses. Focusing primarily on emerging markets, this article looks at how developing countries can use advances in technology to skip certain...

Finance is an important component of development, including for the poor. Indeed, much recent empirical evidence has shown that a more developed financial system can help reduce poverty and lower income inequality. In addition to facilitating overall economic growth, finance can help individuals...