It is well-known that a monopolist cannot commit to offer a high-quality contract to a consumer reading costs are positive. This paper shows that this also holds in a competitive environment with consumer heterogeneity if the contract space is unrestricted. If firms can offer standardized...

This paper shows that giving a player an outside option can worsen his payoff in a bargaining game with strategic delay. If the seller has the option to terminate bargaining and sell the good on the spot market, this can limit the ability of a low-valuation buyer to use delayed responses to...