We study pricing models for a participating deferred annuity. Game theory is used to formulate different pricing models based on customers’ preference concerning benefits and risks. The objective is to maximize social welfare. Value at Risk (VaR) under multi-stage stochastic processes is...

This paper examines the pricing of term life insurance based on the economic approach of profit maximization, and incorporating the financial approach of stochastic interest rates, investment returns, and the insolvency option, while also including actuarial modeling of mortality risk. Optimal...

In this article, a process for deciding whether a life insurance contract should be reinstated is proposed. The present values of net premium of two alternatives are calculated and compared. Our analysis shows that reinstatement of the original policy is not always beneficial. When the holding...

Life and disability insurance, as well as annuities, traditionally have been analyzed as products providing protection against random losses. This article proposes that these products can be viewed as derivative instruments created to address the uncertainties and inadequacies of an...

In this paper we consider a utility-maximization model for health care. On the basis of the equilibrium conditions derived for patients and the providers of the medical service, we evaluate the importance of cost-sharing between the patients and the third party and provide an explanation for the...

Funding of a given set of cash flow liabilities is typically arranged through level premium or a single premium. The question of optimality of the stream of premium payments has been largely ignored in the existing insurance literature. In this work, we propose a set of natural constraints on...

We examine the efficiency of fraternal insurers as compared to mutual and stock insurers in the U.S. life insurance industry. We test the hypothesis of equal efficiency across fraternal, mutual, and stock insurers. We find that mutual and stock insurer technology is dominant for producing the...

We analyze life insurance policy surrender activity to determine whether surrender is a function of certain macroeconomic variables and, therefore, highly correlated across policies. Results support the Emergency Fund Hypothesis and the Interest Rate Hypothesis. In addition, we provide evidence...

This study empirically examines properties of matched-pair versus non matched- pair sampling methods in the context of financial distress for the U.S. life insurance industry. While the majority of prior insurer insolvency studies employed matched-pair sampling techniques to identify important...

We extend previous research by Doerpinghaus (1991) and others by examining relationships between private passenger auto insurance complaint ratios and insurer characteristics. Consistent with Doerpinghaus, results indicate that insurers with higher complaint ratios are more likely to write...