In subtractive manufacturing, differences in machinability among batches of the same material can be observed. Ignoring these deviations can potentially reduce product quality and increase manufacturing costs. To consider the influence of the material batch in process optimization models, the...

Industries with batch size one manufacturing philosophies for highly customized products have been largely limited in manufacturing automation. The control cabinet industry is particularly affected by this problem during the mounting and wiring of components due to high variety, variance, and...