Previous work shows that multinationality creates firm value due to the potential of multiple host countries to provide operational flexibility. This paper examines whether this value effect on the stock market is backed by a profitability effect of exercising operational flexibility through...

The theories of internalization and internationalization provide general factors of international market entry but are not precise about its timing. The theory of real options may complement these approaches as it centers the impact of uncertainty on the timing and dimensioning of investment. A...