This article presents evidence that internal mobility, defined as a promotion or other position change, is an important source of wage growth. It accounts for approximately 15 percent of wage growth over the life cycle for white and black men but less for women. The incidence of promotions and...

Self-employed workers are less likely to be affected by implicit contracts, efficiency wages, and other forces that mute wage cyclicality and exacerbate employment cyclicality. This observation motivates the authors' comparison of the cyclical experience of the self-employed with 'wage and...