This paper constitutes a review of the question whether unionization leads to deprofessionalization or whether deprofessionalization occurs first to be followed by union efforts to restore professional status to a profession under attack from social, political, and economic forces, including the...

Salaried professionals may exhibit organizational deviance when faced with conflict resulting from their mutual role as professional and employee. Some of this behavior may be directly harmful to both the individual and the organization, whereas some may constitute adaptive maladjustments. An...

This article takes the view that formal educational programs often miss opportunities to use the rich experiences of working managers to produce both learning and knowledge. Two alternative pedagogical approaches, action learning and action research, are proposed as contributing to management...