It has long been recognised that the balance between backward-looking and forward-looking expectations has critical policy implications. This is because backward-looking expectations impart a substantial degree of inertia to the inflation rate whereas forward-looking expectations lead to rapid...

In this paper we estimate a monetary disequilibrium model for Turkey based on Khan and Knight's [Khan, M. S., & Knight, M. D. (1981). Stabilization programs in developing countries: a formal framework. IMF Staff Papers, 28, 1-53] framework. Our results show the importance of fiscal discipline in...