Within the economics literature, the ‘psychic costs’ of migration have been incorporated into theoretical models since Sjaastad (J Polit Econ 70:80–93, <CitationRef CitationID="CR43">1962</CitationRef>). However, the existence of such costs has rarely been investigated in empirical papers. In this paper, we look at the psychic costs...</citationref>

This paper examines the causal effect of childcare provision on grandparents’ health in the United States. We use the sex ratio among older adults’ children as an instrument for grandparental childcare provision. Our instrument exploits that parents of daughters transition to grandparenthood...