Recent developments in macroeconomic policy, both in terms of theory and practice, have elevated monetary policy while fiscal policy has been downgraded. Monetary policy has focused on the setting of interest rates as the key policy instrument, along with the adoption of inflation targets and...

This paper examines the implications of the experience with the financial crisis of August 2007 for fiscal policy and the use made of it. We briefly sketch the changing attitudes toward fiscal policy and the demise of arbitrary rules for the budget deficits and the reassertion of purposeful...

The Bank of England's report on its approach to macroeconomic modeling reveals the underlying structure of their macroeconomic model used for policy purposes. A simplified representation of the Bank of England model is presented, which is less disaggregated than the original model and focuses on...

In a world of endogenous money, the central bank's role in monetary policy is reduced to the setting of a very short-term official rate of interest, which indicates the price at which it will make liquidity available to the banking system. However, it is changes in market rates that affect...

This paper examines and develops the firm-centered price theory of Post Keynesian economics. It takes issue with the traditional interpretation of that theory, arguing that although its prices are cost-based, they are not cost-determined. The distinctiveness and significance of the theory are...