Real estate rental adjustment models have taken on numerous forms and specifications, but have typically been estimated in both a linear and univariate fashion. However, it is clear that real estate actors, both developers and occupiers, can behave differently at various points of the business...

There is a substantial literature which suggests that appraisals are smoothed and lag the true level of prices. This study combines a qualitative interview survey of the leading fund manager/owners in the UK and their appraisers with a empirical study of the number of appraisals which change...

The aim of this paper is to provide a response to suggestions that the removal of upward-only rent reviews (sometimes known as ratchet clauses) would reduce commercial property asset values in the UK. The paper also seeks to estimate the amount of the reduction. It argues that the fall in the...