The fractionally integrated asymmetric power autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model has successfully captured the empirical stylized facts such as the leverage effect, power transformation and long memory in the foreign exchange markets. This study further explores the applicability...

This study tests the random walk hypothesis in the spot prices of the petroleum products markets. Under the variance ratio test, a less restrictive random walk process namely the martingale process is examined over the period 1998-2008. The variance ratio methodology is capable of providing...