Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find the optimal hedging strategy when an investor has budget constraints on both the initial capital and the future cash flow. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows the utility minimization of the total cost, using convex utility functions...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a generalization of the familiar two-sample t-test for equality of means to the case where the sample values are to be given unequal weights. This is a natural situation in financial risk modeling when some samples are considered more reliable...