The game of baseball was an integral part of life in 20th-century America. The relation baseball had with its fans, though, evolved as the game moved from quiet pastime to a multibillion dollar business. As the presented evidence will suggest, consumer demand at the close of the 20th century was...

Several authors have recently suggested that an expanding labor pool has led to improvement in professional sports leagues’ competitive balance. The basic premise is that a rise in team player options leads to less variability in player performance and therefore increased competition. The...

Hausman and Leonard offered evidence that Michael Jordan generated US$53 million in broadcast revenue for teams other than his employer, the Chicago Bulls. In essence, these authors argued for the existence of a superstar externality. The purpose of this article is to extend the work of Hausman...

Both the popular press and industry insiders have claimed that the growing gap between the "rich" and "poor" teams in major league baseball has led to a greater disparity on the field of play and that the eventual outcome of this gap will be lower attendance. The purpose of this inquiry is...