Much of the past empirical analysis of the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis (UOH) has gauged the responsiveness of attendance to uncertainty in either the Major League Baseball or European football regular season. This study diverges from those studies by examining broadcast ratings for...

We address potential racial bias by Major League Baseball umpires with respect to ball–strike calls. We offer a number of econometric specifications to test the robustness of the results, adding the role of implicit and explicit monitoring as well as pitch location. Our analysis shows...

A strong secondary market has emerged where National Football League (NFL) personal seat licenses (PSL) and season ticket rights (STR) are sold electronically. These data allow us to estimate determinants of market prices for long-run access to NFL attendance. The analysis finds that...

This article uses daily border-crossing data within the Niagara region of Ontario and New York to evaluate the Canadian market for a U.S.-based National Hockey League (NHL) team, the Buffalo Sabres. We conservatively estimate that 15% of attendees at Buffalo Sabres home games travel from Canada....

This investigation tests the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) in the National Football League (NFL) wagering market from 2002 to 2009. The current study examines simple betting strategies tested previously in the NFL and other sports leagues as well as whether there is a bias in games after a...

This article uses television ratings from the 2006 and 2007 National Football League (NFL) seasons to estimate viewer demand in large markets without local teams. The factors that are found to be statistically significant and positively related determinants of television ratings are: team...

Previous research estimating demand for sporting events has focused largely on professional baseball and European football (soccer), using attendance as a proxy of demand. This article estimates demand for National Football League games using television broadcast ratings, permitting the...