where the race for office is tight. This article presents a simple theoretical model, which suggests that party polarization …

This paper argues that strong center parties may lead to polarization, not moderation, and that we must reassess our … center parties and the level of party system polarization is examined with electoral data from 10 Western European countries … voters is offset by another concurrent trend which keeps the level of party system polarization constant. Two theoretical …

Polarization hallmarks contemporary Washington's political landscape. While an increasing literature examines the … result. Instead of miring presidents' preferred policies in gridlock, the model shows that ideological polarization — in …