Economic recessions represent a period of greatly reduced environmental munificence that threatens the survival of all firms. This is especially the case for smaller, start-up firms, which have been shown to fail at a much higher rate compared with their larger, more established peers. This...

We examine determinants of different types of International New Ventures (INVs), namely Export Start-up, Geographically Focused Start-up, Multinational Trader, and Global Start-up. Whereas this typology of INVs has been widely accepted in the literature, empirical testing of the determinants of...