Lasting steel crises in Western European and North American countries and increasing efforts of developing countries in establishing national steel industries are contrasting features of today's international steel scene. Has comparative advantage in steel production shifted from the former to...

Significant changes in the structure of production and employment are one of the salient features of West Germany's economic history. However, it was not until the mid-1970s that such changes were accompanied by sizeable friction. After 1973, the hitherto last year of full employment, the German...

Among the hypotheses which have been advanced to explain a country's international trade patterns the neo-factor proportions hypothesis and, more recently, the neo-technology hypothesis have exerted particular appeal both in theory and in empirical testing. The former introduces intercountry...

After two and a half decades of prosperous postwar development, western industrialised countries recently experienced a slowdown of economic growth and productivity advance together with an increase in the rates of inflation and unemployment. The deep recession of 1974/75 has uncovered...

Throughout the sixties and early seventies industrialization efforts made considerable headway in many developing countries (LDCs). In most LDCs the share both of manufacturing value added in GDP and of manufacturing employment in total employment increased within the last fifteen years 5 in...

Since the early sixties traditional machinery suppliers, almost exclusively located in highly advanced economies, have been subject to considerable adjustment pressures. Among the most important causes, firstly, was the increasing international penetration of markets among traditional machinery...