In this paper we analyze the response of career, employment and wage of native Europeans to immigration. We then ask … how individual country's policies affect these responses. We use data on 11 EU countries, over the period 1995-2001. We … flexible labor markets in a country are a key factor to have employment upgrading in response to immigration. …

impact of immigration and different measures of offshoring on the labour demand and demand elasticities of native workers in … workers. The analysis is conducted using data for four EU economies: Austria, Belgium, France and Spain. Our results point to … important and occupation-specific direct and indirect effects of immigration and offshoring. Both offshoring - particularly …