Considerable attention focuses on the risks of poverty, defined as individual-level labor market and family … poverty in terms of prevalences (share of the population with a risk) and penalties (increased probability of poverty … to the U.S. We show that prevalences cannot explain high U.S. poverty as the U.S. has below average prevalences. Rather …

social policy better reduces poverty than social policies targeted at the poor. This article revisits Korpi and Palme … average share of household income from welfare transfers), low-income targeting, and universalism - and poverty and … developed and developing countries. Consistent with Korpi and Palme, we show: a) poverty is negatively associated with the …