The French Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) pensions system is faced with a major challenge: how can it absorb the demographic shock resulting from the retirement of the baby-boom generations and the increase in life expectancy? After several reforms reconfiguring the system, restructuring the current...

In the early 2000s1 , replacement immigration was advocated as an answer to the forecast population decline (in particular that of the working population). On top of this quantitative objective came, at the same time, the further ambition of qualitative control of inflows: selective immigration....