The decade preceding the 2008 recession was marked by a rapid rise in household debt in several regions. Strong household lending prior to the recession boosted economic growth in the affected countries, but indebtedness then became one of the main sources of vulnerability of these countries...

During the crisis, firms saw their profitability deteriorate sharply in the weakening demand environment, which they reacted to by curbing labour costs. Cost-side adjustment thus acted as a buffer against inflationary pressure. In earlier analyses, we investigated this behaviour of firms using...

Our analysis of micro data shows that the size of unhedged foreign currency lending has become significant not just in the household sector, but in the corporate sector as well. The weight of foreign currency debtors without net foreign currency income was significant prior to the crisis. During...

The purpose of our article is to define how the FX debt of the private sector changes the impact of the exchange rate on the real economy: to identify the balance sheet channels through which depreciation of the exchange rate has a negative impact on GDP and the factors which determine whether...