Ethics can be defined as a process of evaluating actions according to moral principal of values. Throughout the centuries people were trying to choose between profit and moral. Perhaps, some of them obtain both, but every time it could have roused ethical issues. Those issues concern fairness,...

This paper analyses the major changes in textile products, production costs, prices, and market orientations during the era when the ‘draperies’ or cloth industries of the late-medieval Low Countries and England had become increasingly dependent upon northern markets and the German Hanseatic...

One of the most common myths in European economic history, and indeed in Economics itself, is that the Black Death of 1347-48, followed by other waves of bubonic plague, led to an abrupt rise in real wages, for both agricultural labourers and urban artisans – one that led to the so-called...

The traditional and almost universal method of expressing real wages is by index numbers, according to the formula: RWI = NWI/CPI: i.e., the real wage is the quotient of the nominal (money) wage index divided by the consumer price index, all employing a common base period (here: 1451-75 = 100)....

The Phillips curve is fifty years old. Since Phillips (1958)'s original contribution this econometric relationship has undergone many criticisms and evolutions. The Phillips curve yet remains a fundamental tool for inflation forecasting and monetary policy analysis. This paper reviews the...

We use data on enterprise level from a survey of medium sized and big companies to test for downward nominal wage rigidity in Poland. We find relatively weak support for downward nominal wage rigidity when average total compensation in the enterprise is taken into account. However, since this...

The social responsibility of corporations is a concept that refers to the debt which companies (as social actors) has with respect to all the parties involved in the development of actions presupposed by their economic activity. The concept refers to all categories of companies, from...

Współcześnie obserwujemy popularyzację kodeksów zaadresowanych do różnych grup społecznych. Zasadne jest poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące przesłanek ich konstruowania i możliwości praktycznego ich wykorzystywania. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie krytycznego przeglądu...

The institute of social responsibility is considered as mandatory addition of market and state institutes, since it reduces the transaction costs of the socio-economic system by eliminating discrimination in the relations. One of the most important missions of the state is the formation and...

Współcześnie obserwujemy popularyzację tworzenia kodeksów zaadresowanych do różnych grup społecznych. Zasadne jest jednak poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące przesłanek ich konstruowania i możliwości praktycznego ich wykorzystywania. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie...