Finding a stable money demand relationship is considered essential for the formulation and conduction of an efficient monetary policy. Consequently, numerous theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted in both developed and developing countries to evaluate the determinants and the...

Economic theory traditionally suggests that monetary policy can influence the business cycle, but not the long-run potential output. Despite well documented theoretical and empirical consensus on money neutrality in the literature, the role of money as an informational variable for monetary...

The term digital money refers to various proposed electronic payment mechanisms designed to use by consumers to make retail payments. These mechanisms are based either on smart cards or on network money. Smart cards could potentially replace currency as the predominant means to pay for retail...

This paper investigates the possibility of conducting an unconventional monetary policy of Quantitative easing (QE) at high interest rates using the example and experience of Russia. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation has raised the key interest rate on six occasions during the 12 months...

We analyze the effects of monetary policy on economic activity in the proposed African monetary unions. Findings broadly show that: (1) but for financial efficiency in the EAMZ, monetary policy variables affect output neither in the short-run nor in the long-term and; (2) with the exception of...

In the future economic system, as suggested by TOP Tax system, the total money supply (real money and debt money/loan money) to be necessary for circulation in banks should be at the minimum level of 100% and at maximum level 110% of the value of GDP of the country. Out of this total money...

This note takes part in the debate on the topic “a macroeconomics without LM”. It shows that, when the central bank does not control directly the interest rates on the money and financial markets, LM curve has another role to play than to determine in an endogenous way the money supply when...